Purpose

Characterisation of powder flow is important for pharmaceutical processing and manufacturing. This work aims at a better understanding of how fractal particle and bulk properties affect the static and dynamic flow of excipients.

Methods

Traditional methods of flowability testing, e.g. the angle of repose or the flow through an orifice, were complemented by avalanching in a rotational drum. Dynamic image analysis provided a fractal contour line dimension of the powder bulk in the drum (bDF). This was compared to the contour line fractal dimension of particles (pDF) as obtained from the box-counting method. Avalanche testing was able to measure also cohesive materials that were otherwise difficult or not measurable at all using the classical methods.

Results

The values of the avalanche energy were in good agreement with the different flow properties of the samples. These flow properties showed good correlations with bDFin that poor flow properties were associated with a more rugged contour line of the bulk and hence higher bDF.

Conclusions

Interestingly, there was no correlation observed between pDf and bDf , which may suggest that a distinct bulk structure typically emerges from the particles under dynamic flow. Future research should further clarify how fractal powder aspects affect pharmaceutical manufacturing processes

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